For choosing the right air compressor, you should ask yourself these questions:
- What Compressor Size do I Need?
- What amount of pressure do I need?
- What is the right airflow for my compressor?
- What horsepower (HP) is needed for the motor of my air compressor?
- What Air Compressor Features do I need?
- What type of air compressor do I need?
- Do I need an oil-free or lubricated compressor?
- What Cooling method should I choose?
- Should I choose the VSD air compressor?
- Single Stage or Two-Stage Compressors should I choose?
- What kind of motor should I choose? Should I choose a PM motor?
- Belt drive or direct drive air compressor do I need?
- Do I need a portable air compressor or a stationary air compressor?
- What kind of engine do I need? Electric or Diesel engine?
- How to choose the after-treatment equipment?
- Do I have special requirements for oil content or particles in the compressed air? Do I need very clean air?
- Do I have special requirements for water content in the compressed air? Do I need very dry air?
- What size of the air receiver tank do I need?
We will provide you the answers. Buyer’s Guide.
An appropriate selection is beneficial to both the end-user and the compressor equipment. A too-large selection is too wasteful. A too-small selection may lead to the compressor in a long-term loading state or insufficient airflow or pressure.
The pressure and flow requirements for your facility are essential when choosing an air compressor.
What amount of pressure do I need?
First of all, confirm the Air Pressure you need for the end production line, then plus about 1~2bar. The 1~2bar is for pressure loss:
- The distance from the installation site to the actual gas-side
- The size of the pipe diameter
- The number of turning points
So, we can install the air compressor to the air end as near as possible. If the distance between the air compressor and the air end pipe is too far, the path of the main pipe should be enlarged.
What is the right airflow for my compressor?
First of all, confirm the Air Flow of all the air-consuming equipment, then increase by about 20 percent.
- For a new project, it can be chosen based on the flow value provided by the design institute.
- For a renovation project, we can reference the original parameter values, in combination with actual air usage.
- To supply compressed air to your main equipment, learn the parameters of the air compressor from your supplier.
With constant power, when the rotation speed changes, the flow and pressure also change.
For example, a 22KW air compressor:
- when the pressure is determined to be 7 bar, the airflow is 3.7 m3 / min.
- when the pressure is determined to be 8 bar, the airflow is 3.4 m3 / min
The speed must be reduced when the air pressure is increased, otherwise, the drive motor will be overloaded, so the airflow is also reduced accordingly.
Thus, the steps for selecting an air compressor are: first, determine the working pressure, then the corresponding volume flow, and finally the power.
First of all, we should know which contaminants can we find in compressed Air?
Compressed air contains substances such as water, oil, and dust. That may contaminate the final products and even increase costs.
So we should choose an oil-free or oil-lubricated type air compressor first, then use air treatment such as dryers and filters to produce the dry and clean compressed air to meet your needs.
The difference is the oil content in compressed air.
- For the Class 0 oil-free air compressor, we use water as the lubricating medium instead of oil, so there will be no oil at all.
- For the oil-lubricated air compressor, we use oil as the lubricating medium, so the compressed air will contain oil. But the use of filters can reduce the oil content down to 0.003 microns.
First of all, assessing your facility’s needs.
If your plant can’t tolerate any oil in contact with the product, choose a Class 0 oil-free air compressor is a must. Such as pharmaceutical, food & beverage, hospital, critical electronics, and other industries. To ensure that there is no chance of contamination by oil.
But, if there is no need for 100% oil-free, the majority of manufacturing, industrial or small workshops use oil-lubricated compressors. Although there is oil in compressed air, they use filters to reduce the oil content. Because it will be more economical.
For the oil-lubricated type air compressor, we can find oil and particles in the compressed air. We can use filters to reduce the oil content and particles.
- C grade air filter: Liquid Separator Filter (Oil content:5ppm , Particle:3μ)
- T grade air filter: Particulate Filter (Oil content:0.5ppm , Particle:1μ)
- A grade air filter: Oil Remover Filter (Oil content:0.01ppm , Particle:0.01μ)
- H grade air filter: Charcoal Filter (Oil content:0.003ppm , Particle:0.01μ)
- F grade air filter: High Efficiency Oil Remover Filter (Oil content:0.001ppm , Particle:0.01μ)
All atmospheric air contains water. And when the air is compressed, the water concentration will increase. To avoid future problems in the compressed air system, the wet air needs to be treated by using drying equipment.
Dew point is a measure of the amount of water vapor in compressed air. In other words, the colder the dew point, the less water there is in the compressed air. Simply, it’s the temperature at which water vapor condenses into water.
Air dryers can help lower dew point temperatures and keep liquid water out of air compression systems. Selecting the right dryer to treat wet compressed air is dependent on the requirements of the machines that use compressed air.
Most industrial and manufacturing facilities can achieve such requirements with a refrigeration air dryer.
While some pharmaceuticals plant, medical operations, laboratory users need an adsorption dryer to supply critically dry air.
- Refrigeration air dryer (Dew point: 2~10℃)
- Heat Regeneration Adsorption Air Dryer (Dew point: <-25℃)
For the costs, the lower the dew point required, the higher the investment and operating costs for air drying.
The VSD(Variable Speed Drive) air compressor uses the variable frequency inverter compared with the regular Fixed speed air compressor.
the advantages as follows:
- Achieve constant pressure air, provide stable air source for users
- Stable start reduces the impact on the power grid, extends the mechanical life of the motor and the whole unit
- Adjust the airflow as the actual needs
- Energy-saving about 20%
If there is fluctuation in flow demand between shifts, choosing the VSD air compressor will be a good option and offer great savings.
For most small models, it is better to use the air cooling type air compressor. There are four shortcomings of Water cooling type air compressors:
- It needs a water supply and discharge system, which requires a large investment;
- The life of water-cooling coolers is short;
- In the winter, it is easy to freeze;
- It needs a large amount of water during normal operation.
But for the large models, it needs to use the water cooling type air compressor to ensure high cooling efficiency.
In order to avoid maintenance difficulties, poor compressed air quality, loud noise, bad ventilation condition and so on. It is important to pay attention to the following requirements before installing.
The distance between the compressor and the wall must be at least one meter;
The distance between the air compressor and the top space is at least one meter;
The main channel distance of the compressor room is at least 1.5 meters.
The ambient temperature should be 2~40℃.
The higher the ambient temperature, the less the output air volume of the compressor
If below 2℃, the air compressor must adopt measures to avoid freezing.
The humidity of the air should be low, with little dust, clean air.
If the factory environment is poor and dusty, you must install pre-filter equipment.
For the Air-cooled type air compressor system, we recommended to install air ducts to direct the cooling hot air out:
For the Water-cooled type air compressor system, need the water cooling system.
The cooling water pressure should be 2~6bar
Valves should be installed at the inlet and outlet
if the cooling water should be clean, if there are impurities, filters should be installed.
The vibration generated by the screw compressor is small, so there is no need to make a fixed foundation. But the ground must be flat and hard. The bottom of the compressor should be covered with 5-10mm soft pads or anti-vibration pads to prevent vibration and noise.
- The main pipeline must have an inclination of 1 ° ~ 2 ° for the drainage of condensate in the pipeline.
- The pressure drop of the pipeline must not exceed 5% of the pressure of the air compressor, so it is better to use a larger pipe diameter when piping.
- The branch pipeline must be connected from the top of the main pipeline, to prevent the condensed water flowing into the working machine. The air outlet pipeline of the compressor should add a check valve.
- When installing compressors in series, we should add a ball valve (or an automatic drain valve) at the end of the main pipe for condensation discharge.
- If there are air tank and dryer behind the compressor, the ideal piping should be compressor + air tank + front filter + dryer + other filters. In this way, the air tank can filter out part of the condensed water, and it also has the function of reducing the temperature of the compressed air. The lower temperature and less water content can reduce the load on the dryer or filter.
- If the system uses a large amount of air in a short time, we should install an air tank as a buffer, it can reduce frequent loading and unloading times, can reduce the number of control element actions, can maintain the reliability of the compressor’s operation. Generally, we can select an air tank with a capacity of 20%.
- Minimize the use of elbows and various valves in the pipeline to reduce pressure loss.
- The ideal piping system is that the mainline surrounds the entire plant so that two-sided compressed air can be used at any position. For example, when the air consumption of a branch line increases, the pressure drop can be reduced. Arrange appropriate valves on the ring-shaped trunk line for maintenance and cutting purposes.
If we don’t replace the filter element in time, there will be the following problems:
The airflow will be reduced, affects production.
The energy consumption increases due to the large resistance of the filter element.
The actual compression ratio and the main load increases, the service life decreases.
The damage of the filter element causes the host to freeze or even be scrapped.
If we don’t replace the oil filter, there will be the following problems:
Insufficient oil return leads to high exhaust temperature and shortens the service life of oil and oil separator;
Insufficient lubrication of the air end, which shortens the life of the air end;
If the filter element is damaged, the unfiltered oil containing metal particles and impurities enter the air end(the host), will cause serious damage.
If we don’t replace the air oil separator in time, there will be the following problems:
Low separation efficiency, leading to increased consumption and operating costs, even cause big fault when the oil is not enough;
The increased oil content in the compressed air outlet affects the production process
After the blockage, the resistance increases, resulting in an increase in the actual exhaust pressure and energy consumption;
The glass fiber material may fall off into the oil, resulting in a shortened life of the oil filter element and wear of the air end.
1. Open the air compressor door
2. Unscrew the bolt on the air filter, and take out the filter element
3. Check the condition of the air filter (replace if not good);
4. Clean the inside of the filter, and use 2-3bar compressed air to blow out the dust in the filter element from the inside to the outside;
5. Replace the new filter element and install it
1. Unscrew the old filter with pliers;
2. Clean the contact surface;
3. Plate a thin oil film on the surface of the new filter seal ring;
4. Tighten the new filter by hand until the gasket is sealed;
5. Check for leaks after switching on.
1. Open the service side door of the machine;
2. Loosen the connecting of the tube to the minimum pressure valve;
3. Loosen the pipeline on the cover of the air-oil separation tank, and ensure it can be installed correctly;
4. Loosen the fastening bolts on the air-oil separation tank;
5. Lift the cover, clean the oil return pipe;
6. Take out the air-oil separator;
7. Replace with new air-oil separator and gasket.
8. Follow the reverse steps to install, pay attention to check the length of the oil return pipe.
9. Use a torque wrench to tighten the bolts on the cover of the air-oil separation tank
First, check the power supply voltage,
Then, check the solenoid valve and the motor, etc.,
Ensure the intake and exhaust valves are open, etc.
The minimum pressure valve is leaking;
The solenoid valve is not energized;
The control air pipe is faulty;
The intake valve is stuck;
The seal is leaking, etc.
– Air compressor room temperature is too high.
– The lack of maintenance for the air compressor:
The efficiency of lubricating oil is reduced;
The oil filter element is blocked.
– The cooling system failure:
Dirty oil cooler;
Damaged cooling fan; Fan motor failure;
The exhaust pipe does not work well or the exhaust resistance is large.
– The component is broken:
The temperature control valve is faulty;
The oil-cut solenoid valve is not energized or the coil is damaged;
The diaphragm of the oil cut solenoid valve is cracked or aged;
Temperature sensor failure (control unit);
The pressure gauge is faulty (relay-controlled unit).
The ambient air quality is not good;
The cleanliness of the air compressor itself;
The air filter, the oil and air separator failure, etc.
Inlet and exhaust port failure, leaking pipes, blocked air filters, insufficient voltage, etc.
The air compressor fixing device or the components are loose, the reinforcement treatment should be performed in time. The lubricating oil is invalid, etc.
The main causes are the poor quality of the lubrication oil or the wrong model;
The lack of cleaning of the air compressor has contaminated the lubrication oil and the lubrication system.
The oil level should not be higher than half;
The blockage of the return pipe, installation of the return pipe (distance from the bottom of the oil separation core) does not meet the requirements;
The exhaust pressure is too low;
The oil-air separator is broken;
The internal partition of the separation cylinder is damaged;
The air compressor has an oil leak.